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<title>Tessys method</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tessys method</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: lightblue">Tessys method</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Orthopedic surgeon, neurosurgery</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>TESSYS method</b> (transforaminal endoscopic surgical system) is a <a href="Minimally-invasive_procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimally-invasive procedure">minimally-invasive</a>, <a href="Endoscopic_spinal_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Endoscopic spinal surgery">endoscopic spinal procedure</a> for the treatment of a <a href="Spinal_disc_herniation" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinal disc herniation">herniated disc</a>.

It was a further development of the YESS method by the Dutch Dr Thomas Hoogland in the Alpha Klinik in Munich in 1989 and was first called THESSYS (Thomas Hoogland EndoScopic SYStem). The procedure involves performing a small foramenotomy and removal of soft tissue compressing the nerve root.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept">Concept</h2></div>

<p>With the Tessys method, the <a href="Surgeon" title="Surgeon">surgeon</a> removes the herniated portions of the disc using posterior lateral <a href="Endoscopy" title="Endoscopy">endoscopic</a> access. This surgical method for <a href="Spinal_disc_herniation" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinal disc herniation">spinal disc herniations</a> is especially gentle for the patient. During the procedure, the patient is positioned either in the lateral or prone position, and local anesthetic is administered, usually in combination with sedation. The patient remains responsive, and typically general anesthesia is not necessary. The surgeon removes the herniated disc tissue through an access tube of mere millimeters via the intervertebral foramen. With special instruments, the surgeon progressively and gently dilates to access the disc without disrupting the surrounding muscles or conjunctive tissue.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The first blind transforaminal discectomy was done by Parvis Kambin in 1973 with Craig's canula's.

The Tessys method was a further development of the existing YESS method (American <b>Anthony Yeung</b>) by the Dutch Thomas Hoogland in 1989 in Munich by reaming a few mm's from the SAP (Superior Articular Process). As of January 2018, more than 400,000 patients worldwide are operated with the TESSYS method. Most of them with the original joimax reamers or the newer safer MaxMoreSpine drills also developed and patented by Dr Thomas Hoogland

</p><p>The system was introduced in the Netherlands in 2004 under the acronym PTED (Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy) by orthopaedic surgeon M. Iprenburg, who has since then successfully used the procedure with over 2600 of hernia patients with the joimax reamers.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indication">Indication</h2></div>

<p>The Tessys method is suitable for most prolapsed discs, regardless of the anatomical position. Another spinal indication for the Tessys procedure would be cauda equina syndrome, in a case where conservative methods of treatment failed to ameliorate the pain, or if only surrounded nerves are affected. Every intervertebral surgery requires a prior detailed discussion with the patient and imaging diagnostics such as <a href="Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">MRI</a>, <a href="X-ray_computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="X-ray computed tomography">CT scans</a> and/or <a href="X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a>. Monitoring of the compressed nerves and associated pathways is indicated due to the proximity of surgical manipulations that are in contact with nerve roots and/or the spinal cord.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monitoring modalities indicated are continuous somatosensory evoked potentials and spontaneous electromyography of the muscles supplied by the affected nerve roots.<sup id="cite_ref-Bindal_126–132_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bindal_126–132-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Performing a discogram during the surgery procedure provides additional confirmation of the patient's anatomy and the position of the disc prolapse but might increase the degenerative changes in the disc. .<sup id="cite_ref-Bindal_126–132_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bindal_126–132-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surgical_procedure">Surgical procedure</h2></div>

<p>To remove a herniated disc, the Tessys method uses a lateral, transforaminal, endoscopic access path via the intervertebral foramen. The surgery takes about 45–75 minutes. During the procedure, the patient is either in the lateral or prone position. The operation is preferable done under analgo-sedation in daysurgery. In Germany patients have however to stay for three days in the hospital to get proper payment from insurance companies.

</p><p>The access to the prolapse is achieved using a three-step guide wire technique: The surgeon gradually dilates through the soft tissue with the aid of <a href="C-arm" class="mw-redirect" title="C-arm">C-arm</a> radiographic monitoring and stretches the foramen step-by-step, with little or no disturbance to the surrounding muscles and nerves. Utilizing Tessys via nature's entry point, also known as <a href="Parviz_Kambin" title="Parviz Kambin">Kambin's Triangle</a>, preserves the stability of the spinal column.

</p><p>The endoscope features a slim working channel to guide instruments to the anatomy. The surgeon leads the endoscope through the working tube while in surgery. The camera emits pictures and/or video of the operating field to a monitor, while the surgeon uses special surgical instruments to remove the herniated disc material safely, with precision.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages">Advantages</h2></div>

<ul><li>Minimally-invasive surgical access: the risks of bleeding, infection and nerve injury are reduced<sup id="cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Less post-operative pain: no wound or muscle pain<sup id="cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Short recovery period and fast return to active lifestyle<sup id="cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>No general anesthetic necessary: the risks of nerve injury or thrombosis are significantly reduced; less cardiac cycle stress<sup id="cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Immediate pain relief directly after the surgery procedure in 90% of cases<sup id="cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Direct access to the sequester of the herniated disc<sup id="cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Cost-saving method due to the reduced length of hospital stay<sup id="cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-F._Alfen_et_al._7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F._Alfen_et_al.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disadvantages">Disadvantages</h2></div>

<ul><li>Steeper learning curve compared to open surgery techniques<sup id="cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Costs of instruments and technologies<sup id="cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Technically demanding surgical procedure<sup id="cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Studies">Studies</h2></div>

<p>Studies document the advantages and the success of minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery. The US research clinic the Cleveland Foundation agrees that the recovery period in patients treated with the Tessys method is accelerated by several weeks to months in comparison to conventionally treated patients. Many other studies document a success rate of more than 93%.<sup id="cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-F._Alfen_et_al._7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F._Alfen_et_al.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M._Iprenburg_und_A._Godschalx_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M._Iprenburg_und_A._Godschalx-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-European_Musculoskeletal_Review_2007_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Musculoskeletal_Review_2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2018 more as 3000 publications about endoscopic spine surgery are found in PubMed. Among them 2 RCT's. In the USA a complete new coding system was started for all endoscopic spine procedures. In the Netherlands the procedure was called experimental in 2006.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joimax.com/us/products/endoscopy/tessys/surgical-technique/">"TESSYS Surgical Technique for disc prolapses | joimax inc"</a>. <i>joimax international</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPanHaYiCao2016" class="citation journal cs1">Pan, Zhimin; Ha, Yoon; Yi, Seong; Cao, Kai (2016-02-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4762298">"Efficacy of Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine System (TESSYS) Technique in Treating Lumbar Disc Herniation"</a>. <i>Medical Science Monitor</i>. <b>22</b>: <span class="nowrap">530–</span>539. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12659%2FMSM.894870">10.12659/MSM.894870</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1234-1010">1234-1010</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4762298">4762298</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26887645">26887645</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Bindal_126–132-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bindal_126–132_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bindal_126–132_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBindalGhosh2007" class="citation journal cs1">Bindal, Rajesh K.; Ghosh, Subrata (2007-02-01). "Intraoperative electromyography monitoring in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion". <i>Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine</i>. <b>6</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">126–</span>132. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3171%2Fspi.2007.6.2.126">10.3171/spi.2007.6.2.126</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1547-5654">1547-5654</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17330579">17330579</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A._Gibson;_Transforaminal_endoscopic_or_micro-diskectomy_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Gibson; Transforaminal endoscopic or micro-diskectomy - Early results of a randomized controlled trial, Abstract 2010</span>

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<li id="cite_note-F._Alfen_et_al.-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-F._Alfen_et_al._7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-F._Alfen_et_al._7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Alfen et al.; Developments in the Area of Endoscopic Spine Surgery. In European Musculoskeletal Review 2006.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-M._Iprenburg_und_A._Godschalx-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M._Iprenburg_und_A._Godschalx_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Iprenburg and A. Godschalx; Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgery in Lumbar Disc Herniation in an Economic Crisis - The TESSYS Method. In US Musculoskeletal Review 2009</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-European_Musculoskeletal_Review_2007-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-European_Musculoskeletal_Review_2007_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Iprenburg; Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgery - Technique and Provisional Results in Primary Disc Herniation. In European Musculoskeletal Review 2007</span>

</li>

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<ul><li>Neurosurgical Focus Feb 2016 / Vol. 40 / No. 2 / Page E7 "Patient radiation exposure during transforaminal lumbar endoscopic spine surgery: a prospective study" Menno Iprenburg, Ralf Wagner, Alexander Godschalx, and Albert E.Telfeian</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2></div>

<ul><li>F. Alfen et al., Developments in the Area of Endoscopic Spine Surgery. In European Musculoskeletal Review 2006</li>

<li>M. Iprenburg, Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgery - Technique and Provisional Results in Primary Disc Herniation. In European Musculoskeletal Review 2007</li>

<li>K. Lewandrowski, Pre-operative Planning for Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminal Decompression - A Prospective Study. In European Musculoskeletal Review 2006</li>

<li>M. Iprenburg and Dr. Alexander Godschalx, Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgery in Lumbar Disc Herniation in an Economic Crisis - The TESSYS Method. In US Musculoskeletal Review 2009</li>

<li>R. Morgenstern, Transforaminal Endoscopic Stenosis Surgery – A Comparative Study of Laser and Reamed Foraminoplasty. In European Musculoskeletal Review 2007</li>

<li>M. Schubert, Dr. Thomas Hoogland, Endoscopic Transforaminal Nucleotomy with Foraminoplasty for Lumbar Disk Herniation. In European Musculoskeletal Review 2006</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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